Research Archives
Research Archives
May 2023 - May 2024
Connectivity & Well-Being: An Ethnographic Exploration of Grand Rapids
Arabella Cummings
The purpose of this research is to unde
rstand the state of well-being among a more diverse range of individuals living in
the city of Grand Rapids. This research explores how structural forces, in particular,
public spaces and transportation (access and barriers) contribute to overall well-being
and connectivity. This study also seeks to understand the implications of the pandemic
on mental health and overall well-being. A final objective is continuing to explore
the complex factors that contribute to poor mental health in Grand Rapids, in particular
two key interrelated factors: sense of belonging and authenticity, and social pressures
and norms. This research will be conducted primarily through ethnographic methods,
uniquely on bicycles. We will traverse the city on bicycle to explore the infrastructure
and connectivity of the city and, through qualitative research methods, seek to answer
our core research questions about lived experiences in Grand Rapids, about the city
and neighborhoods of Grand Rapids, and about overall well-being.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Jen Lendrum, Sociology
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Neo-Nationalism, Religion, and Authoritarianism: The Case of Putin’s Russia
Grahm Staib
Russia invaded Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The language and justifications used
by Russian President Putin in his speeches and writings are grounded in the long-held
“Russian World” doctrine that holds that Ukraine belongs to the greater Russian sphere.
This is justified by the argument that Kyiv - being the site of the Baptism of the
Rus’ - is foundational to the beginning of Russian Orthodoxy. Thus the war has been
justified along ethno-religious lines, suggesting that Putin’s geopolitical goals
are in concert with that of Russia’s official church, which seems to be backing the
actions of the Putin regime in Ukraine. This research will investigate the historical
relationship between the Putin regime and the Russian Orthodox Church as it relates
to the war in Ukraine.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Roger Durham, Political Science
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Overcoming Adversity Study
Diana Rockstad
Current research suggests that exposure to family violence is something that many
individuals face. A consistent body of findings also highlight the powerful link between
early abuse and psychological, social, emotional, and cognitive development. Our project,
the Overcoming Adversity Study, will use a qualitative approach to investigate individuals’
early adverse childhood experiences. We will be conducting 2-3 semi-structured interviews
to explore participants' childhood trauma, early parental care-giving, relationships
with family, current intimate relationship behaviors and emotional and social adjustment.
We intend to analyze the themes that arise from the interview data to better understand
how early adverse experiences are perceived and responded to by parents. Additionally,
sibling abuse has been identified as the most common form of family violence and is
often accepted as normal sibling behaviors. For this reason, we will also be exploring
participants' experiences with sibling behaviors, particularly physical and verbal
aggression. This study aims to fill a significant gap in the area of family violence
to increase awareness, promote prevention of childhood adversity, and facilitate supportive
programs for at-risk families and victims of family violence.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Julie Schatz-Stevens
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Efficient Movement with the Mancala Mechanism
Edin Mehanovic
We will explore various problems involving the Mancala mechanism. These will include
finding bounds for efficient movement of stones and variations on the puzzle Tchoukaillon.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Joseph Spencer, Mathematics
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Properties of elliptic Wallace-Simson lines and applications in three dimensions.
Rebecca Beltran
All the elliptic geometry developments done through Mohler-Thompson since 2018 have
applications in three dimensions. We plan to model with VR in Blender to create animations
to illustrate our ideas. We also plan to develop double and triple integral formulas
based on our geometry.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Michael McDaniel, Mathematics
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
In the Missiles’ Shadow: The Cuban Experience in the Crisis of 1962
Mary Green
"In the twentieth century, the world underwent numerous changes, with one of the most notable being the invention and development of nuclear weapons. Within this new nuclear age, global superpowers such as the US and the USSR began an arms race which threatened the frail geopolitical stability of the second half of the century. This Cold War period reached its hottest point in October of 1962 when the USSR stationed nuclear missiles on the Caribbean island nation of Cuba, a mere 90 miles from US soil. Our summer research project seeks to understand the events and legacy of the Cuban Missile Crisis from the perspective of the Cuban government and people, therefore supplementing an often under-appreciated and less understood viewpoint of this event. Furthermore, the research will illuminate both the symbol that Cuba was for Latin America in the second half of the twentieth century, as well as the current status quo of nuclear politics and policy.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Jason Duncan, History
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Molecular interaction in Cnidarian Dinoflagellate Symbiosis
Ernesto Lopez
Alyssa Detweiler
We will use Aiptasia, a species of sea anemone that serves as a model for studying the invertebrate animals that are reef building corals. Aiptasia forms a symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic dinoflagellate algae (Symbiodinium) that is crucial for the survival of the anemone or coral as the disruption of this symbiosis leads to bleaching and potentially the host’s death. However, little is known about how these organisms interact with each other at a cellular and molecular level. Our goal is to help characterize some of the molecules that mediate this symbiosis. We are particularly interested in the function of scavenger receptor B class member 1 (SRB1). Notably, SRB1 is known to mediate host-parasite interactions during malaria infection and this protein is dramatically upregulated following the establishment of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. L. Rob Peters, Biology
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Analysis of Keratinocyte and Macrophage Cell Death in Response to Diverse Group B
Streptococcus Isolates
Jessica Kean
"Group B Streptococcus is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that is most well-known
for its ability to cause serious pregnancy complications and life-threatening infections
in neonates. However, this pathogen is gaining increasing recognition as a major causative
agent for skin and soft tissue infections, especially among individuals with underlying
illnesses. While substantial steps have been taken to understand the mechanisms of
infection GBS employs during pregnancy and neonatal complications, much less is known
about its ability to cause infections in the skin and soft tissues. To address this
knowledge gap, we plan to explore GBS-mediated cell death in two important cell types
that are both present in human skin, keratinocytes and macrophages. We plan to use
these cells to first quantify the extent to which GBS induces cell death over time,
and then to identify the mechanism by which GBS-induced cell death occurs. Additionally,
we will compare human cell responses to four different strains of GBS, as GBS strains
with different sequence and capsule types vary in virulence. We are hopeful that this
work will provide insights into how GBS leads to severe infections in the skin and
why some strains tend to be more dangerous than others."
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Rebecca Flaherty, Biology
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Nature, Philosophy, Greek and Latin Aristotle’s Physics and St. Thomas Aquinas’ De
Principiis Naturae
Matthew Stace
This project involves an intensive study of Ancient Greek forms, grammar, syntax,
and vocabulary in order to acquire a basic understanding necessary for producing philosophical
translations of the work of Aristotle. The student and faculty mentor will collaborate
to produce a philosophical translation of important selections from Aristotle’s Physics
I-II, which are correlated with St. Thomas Aquinas’ De principiis naturae in terms
of content. The goal will be to produce a philosophical translation of the text of
the Physics that is eloquently intelligible for contemporary English speakers and
consonant with the translation of De principiis naturae that is in development.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Daniel Wagner, Philosophy
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
How much carbon is absorbed by soil and particular land uses
Noah Reilly
Lauren Whetstone
Along with Lauren Whetstone, I will be conducting research regarding the following inquiry: How much carbon is absorbed by soil and particular land uses? The research is being split up into two sections. First, we will go to various places to collect different soil samples. We will then take these soil samples and analyze them by finding their bulk density analyses using the ped/geometric approach and texture analysis using the buoyoucos method. This information will then be calculated using a cylinder and water displacement. After this, using 1- and 2-dimensional NMR, FTIR, and UV/vis (including complexation with metals) for our spectroscopic analysis and using a variety of solvents and extraction conditions we are going to try and find correlations between found characteristics and common classes of organic materials in soils, as well as correlations between the soil characteristics and carbon sequestration potential in the longer term. Ultimately, we'd like to find a simple spectroscopic methodology that can be adapted to a field-portable technique.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Kevin Boyd, Chemistry
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Soil Carbon Sequestration in Different Land Management Practices
Lauren Whetstone
Noah Reilly
Over twelve weeks, alongside Noah Reilly and with the guidance of Dr. Rasmussen and
Dr. Boyd, I will be conducting research aiming to explore amounts of soil carbon sequestration
and variance in carbon levels relative to different land management practices; the
research process will involve a robust sample size for soil and land use classes.
Research is split into sections; the first section involving physical analysis using
the Bouyoucos method. Sampling and analyzing procedure of soils will account for soil
type/series, texture classes, land use, tillage practices, and crop rotations in agricultural
soils. The second section involving chemical analysis involves developing in-field
testing kits. 1D and 2D NMR, IR, and UV-Vis including complexation with metals for
spectroscopic analysis, along with a variety of solvents and extraction conditions,
will help identify correlations between results and classes of organic materials in
soils and provide carbon sequestration potential. Overall, examining the spatial and
temporal aspects of carbon capture within different soils will provide meaningful
progress on better understanding soil carbon sequestration, and is intended to be
a pilot study for future work to investigate the seasonality of carbon sequestration.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Jim Rasmussen, Geography / Environmental Studies
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
May 2022 - May 2023
Vaccine Mandates and COVID-19: An Analysis on Political Polarization of The Pandemic
Emily Green
This research was conducted in an attempt to gain an understanding of the polarization brought about by the pandemic/recent events and attempt to understand factors that have gone into that. Data from this research provides an look into personal decision making as it pertains to the pandemic, and provides implications for future political and governmental actions.
Using Industry Insights to Create a Project-Based Approach to Data Analytics
We will conduct a series of interviews with data science practitioners, specifically those who regularly use the statistical programming language R, to gain insights about the skills that are considered valuable in the professional data analytics community. We will use these insights to rework the course MS 282 (Applied Statistics with R), which is a foundational course in the Data Analytics major, making it into a completely project-based experience. This revamping will consist of writing and testing a series of projects based on industry-provided datasets.
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Nature, Philosophy, and Latin in St. Thomas Aquinas’ De Principiis Naturae
Margo Ardelean
The primary goal of this project is twofold. First, the student will acquire basic
understanding and habits of Latin forms, grammar, syntax, and vocabulary necessary
for producing philosophical translations of the work of St. Thomas Aquinas. Second,
the student and faculty mentor will collaborate to produce a philosophical translation
of an important selection of text from St. Thomas Aquinas’ De principiis naturae,
continuing the tradition of philosophically engaging the Angelic Doctor in his own
language of composition. We will complete a translation of De principiis naturae by
translating chapters 3-6 (it is six chapters, total). This project is a continuation
of previous studies done on the first and second chapters of the De principiis naturae.
This work, in turn, constitutes the second stage of a larger project to publish a
new translation of the De principiis naturae as a whole, with philosophical commentary,
for use by scholars and students.
A Plethora of Wallace-Simson Lines
Jarrad Epkey
The Wallace-Simson theorem in elliptic geometry is completely different from the Euclidean
version, which was completely defined in 1797. Building on previous summer work, we
are finding many projection points for Wallace-Simson lines. We can prove some are
non-constructible. We hope to find ways to count and construct projection points and
to see how these projection points and Wallace-Simson lines interact with other properties
of elliptic triangles.
Evaluating Secondary Mathematics Teacher Preparation at Aquinas College
Nicole Gregory
The project will evaluate what it means to mesh content knowledge and pedagogical
content knowledge together within a traditional mathematics major at Aquinas College.
To thoroughly prepare future teachers, we aim to keep in mind the mathematical content
(general mathematics program), the pedagogical content (courses within the School
of Education), and how to develop touch-points for pedagogical content knowledge.
All experiences need to blend together to fully prepare future teachers for the Michigan
Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) and overall readiness to teach in the classroom.
Through the lens of how to best prepare future teachers for their classrooms, this
project will design teacher-preparation specific language for traditional math major
course descriptions and syllabi, design multiple experiential learning opportunities
in clinical settings, and design opportunities for assessment of key skills throughout
the program.
Analysis of Macrophage Cell Death in Response to Diverse Group B Streptococcus Isolates
Michelle Thompson
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of preterm birth, stillbirth, and neonatal sepsis and meningitis worldwide [1–3]. It is a common resident of the genitourinary tract in approximately 40% of pregnant women and is a risk factor for preterm birth and neonatal disease [1–3]. In order to develop effective treatment and diagnostic strategies, there is a critical need to understand how GBS interacts with human tissues to induce inflammation, invade the extraplacental membranes, and harm the fetus or newborn. Macrophages are a key immune system cell type that play critical roles at the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy as well as in the immune system of newborn infants. Our lab and others have previously identified differences in macrophage cell death in response to different GBS strains of varying virulence [4-5]. A key goal of this project will be to explore the type of cell death that is being induced in these macrophages following GBS infection with these diverse strains and to explore some of the macrophage signaling pathways that regulate these responses.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Rebecca Flaherty
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Influence of pollen aperture number on germination and pollen tube length in Thalictrum
dasycarpum, an in vivo study with fluorescence microscopy
SydneyShenk
We will be continuing a line of past research to assess the influence of pollen aperture number on germination likelihood and timing and pollen tube length in Thalictrum dasycarpum, a wind-pollinated species. Using plants cultivated within the Aquinas College greenhouse, we plan to develop methods for fluorescence microscopy to observe pollen germination in vivo and to optimize our in vitro pollen-germination method for this species. We will also investigate the following parallel questions: What is the influence of stigmatic pollen load on pollen germination rate? How reliable are standard methods in determining actual pollen loads (i.e., how much pollen is lost in processing?)? Given time and methodological success, we will consider the influence of pollen load on the relative success of different pollen aperture morphs.
Factors Shaping Trends of Poor(er) Mental Health: An Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study
of Grand Rapids
Adeline (Ada) Shaw
Our summer research explores the complex factors that contribute to poor mental health in West Michigan and seeks to understand the implications of the pandemic on mental health and overall well-being. Further, this research seeks to examine the role of the following structural forces on the well-being of residents in Grand Rapids: the local labor market and availability of “good” jobs; the structure of the neighborhood, in particular “other” spaces such as porches and parks; the role of local churches as a place of worship and support; and the role of community and social networks. Our mixed-methods study relies primarily on ethnographic methods.
The River Narrative
Nicholas Hegenauer
A sensor array, built around the TI CC1350 and containing a variety of sensors for species of environmental interest, will be constructed and located in Wege Pond. The first type of sensor will be an ion-sensitive electrode which will be glued to capillaries. These polymers hold a placeholder molecule and when the molecule of interest binds the concentration of the measured ion, changes cell potential. An automated sampling device will be constructed to collect samples at specified time intervals. These samples will be studied later by laboratory methods such as atomic absorption spectroscopy or chromatographic methods. Finally, a ligand and metal complex sensor may be developed, when the target molecule binds to the ligand, the complex changes color triggering the sensor.
Addressing Climate Change: An Analysis of the Impact of Local Governance
Aidan Raffaele
In the last 30 years, the existential threat of climate change has increasingly drawn the attention and concern of governments at every level. As public awareness of the existence and severity of the issue has grown, so too have the responses of various governments and intergovernmental bodies; the UN has facilitated and encouraged participation in various treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Accords, the Biden administration has pledged a drastic increase in wind energy capacity, and various state governments are offering incentives for options like solar energy. In the last 10 years, however, cities are emerging as perhaps the most effective agent of change in addressing this global issue. Ergo, this research focuses on city governments and their climate change policies and practices. Our plan is to compare and evaluate the success of city-level environmental policies to various factors such as retention of college graduates or voter participation to find if there are certain factors that give cities a predisposition for effective climate policy, and to find potential changes that city governments can make that will in turn lead to more success in this area.
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Analyzing Language Acquisition, Intercultural Competence, and Personal Growth in a
Study Abroad Experience
Sydney Wetzel
Ecological Components That Contribute to Stream Quality
Sarah Thong
May 2021 - May 2022
What has been the impact of COVID-19 on AQ undergraduates?
Gillian Carver
This research project will consist of a survey that will be sent out to all Aquinas College undergraduates. This survey will be a modified version of the Higher Education Research Institution (HERI) of UCLA 2020 survey with added question to address Covid-19. With using this survey we will also compare the HERI survey to our results to see how the AQ students differ especially in these difficult times. Our purpose of doing this project is to investigate the severity of the impact of Covid-19 on AQ undergraduates with the goal of identifying factors that have been helpful. With that in mind, we hope that our results of this study will assist the college in determining ongoing (and possibly new) supports for the student body as we move forward into AY2021-2022.
Faculty Advisor: Daniel Cruikshanks
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Responsibility to Protect: 15 Years of Patterns of Behavior
Mathew Maloney
Of many competing trends in international relations, two stand out - and are at the heart of this research. The first is ongoing warfare and conflict, disintegration, nationalism, violations of international law, unilateralism, and crimes against humanity. Recent examples of this include “Balkanization,” Brexit, the on-going war in Syria, Russian invasion of Crimea and Donbass, and the more recent war between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh. The second - and diametrically opposed trend - is often seen as a reaction to the first. It includes the increasing movement toward cooperation, integration, trans-nationalism, international law, multilateralism, and support for the human condition. Examples of this dynamic include all of the cooperative movements of the United Nations (including an increasing use of Peace-Keeping Operations), integrative efforts such as the European Union (where even the French and Germans share a currency), agreed upon Laws of War, War Crimes Tribunals, and efforts to end human rights violations. This study deals with the tensions between these two contending international dynamics. The tension between these two trends generates patterns of behavior between states. Using these patterns we hope to establish findings that can predict future state behavior.
Faculty Advisor: Roger Durham
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Cultivating Creative Talent Through Journaling
Beth Mateskon
Beth Mateskon will be developing a community project that encourages participants to release creativity and overcome "art scars" through journaling, drawing, collage, and other art practices. The project intends to remedy past deficits in individual creative experiences due to lack of resources in art education or lack of encouragement. In partnership with Dr. Wierich, Beth will be exploring the art historical context of participatory art and social sculpture. The readings include works and writings by leading artists in the field of social sculpture, including Joseph Beuys and Susan Lacy. One of the outcomes will be a better understanding of how creativity, contemporary art practices, and art education can stimulate creative growth.
Faculty Advisor: Jochen Wierich
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
An Assessment of the Impacts of Fine Sediment Pollution on Stream Habitat and Water
Quality in West Michigan Streams
Zoe VanderBrug
This project will work in conjunction with local watershed partners and governmental units. It is designed to assess the effects of sedimentation on stream habitat and water quality. This issue has been tied to land use and topsoil erosion and it is one of the focal points in the mission of the Natural Resources Conservation Service. One of the limitations in this mission is the lack of temporally recent and spatially fine monitoring programs. Our goal for this season will be to establish such a program within the context of other monitors.
Faculty Advisor: Jim Rasmussen
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Computing Group Representation Using SAGE
Shekira Edgar
A group is a mathematical structure that encodes symmetry, and a representation of a group is a way to realize what those symmetries are using the language and techniques of linear algebra. This project will analyze the representations of certain groups known as the classical groups, which are groups of matrices. Our problem can be approached from an elementary point of view, and most of our work will be devoted to automating the necessary calculations by writing short computer scripts.
Faculty Advisor: Joseph Fox
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Queer Approaches to #MeToo through Young Adult Literature
Laney Debrabander
Students are exposed at a young age to binary and one-dimensional narratives about sexuality and gender that quickly become normative, including perspectives that are exclusionary, negative, or harmful to queer and non-binary folx. Through the use of literature, English Language Arts (ELA) teachers are uniquely positioned to help students challenge stereotypes and form complex, intersectional, and multilayered perspectives. By engaging students with Young Adult Literature (YAL), teacher's can address the developmental needs of readers by “recogniz[ing] that young adults are beings in evolution, in search of self and identity; beings who are constantly growing and changing, morphing from the condition of childhood to that of adulthood” (Cart, 2008). In addition, queer YAL, in particular YAL that features queer characters and whose subject matter deals with sexual and/or gender-based violence, can offer nuanced ways of understanding how violence can occur, as well as provide healthy, alternative models of relationships and intimacy. From a community perspective, teaching from this lens has much to offer in terms of prevention, reporting, and anti-violence initiatives.
Faculty Advisor: Briana Asmus
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Elliptic Geometry Applied to Biochemistry and Geospatial Analysis
Noelle Kaminski
We are building on the last three years of Mohler-Thompson summer research. We have new math results which could have consequences beyond geometry. For instance, the icosahedral viral capsid has projection lines with collinear feet in important places. Also, satellite orbits fit elliptic geometry very nicely. Can we say anything new? We're going to try.
Faculty Advisor: Michael McDaniel
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Understanding the Role of the PI3K-Akt Pathway in the Macrophage Response to Group
B Streptococcus (GBS)
Yadira DeLeon-Lopez
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) can be part of a healthy individuals' microbial flora. However, problems may arise when a mother, who is colonized with GBS, becomes pregnant. As the fetus develops within the colonized mother, severe GBS infections may occur due to the limited capabilities of the developing fetal immune response. This may lead to the fetus becoming ill with meningitis, pneumonia, or sepsis, which may lead to death. The goal of this project is to understand how GBS manipulates cell signaling within macrophages in order to survive and cause disease. Specifically, we will investigate whether the PI3K/Akt pathway plays a role in three key aspects of the macrophage response to GBS infection. Our first aim will investigate why certain strains of GBS are engulfed by macrophages more rapidly than others. Next, we will evaluate how certain GBS strains survive more successfully within macrophages following phagocytosis. Lastly, we will compare the rate of survival of the macrophages themselves following infection with the different GBS strains. Our primary methods of analysis will include Western Blotting, fluorescence microscopy, and colony counting assays. This research may provide new insights for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools to combat GBS.
Faculty Advisor: Rebecca Flaherty
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Influence of aperture number on pollen grain viability and germination in Thalictrum
dasycarpum
Flore Bouyac
Pollen heteromorphism, the presence of multiple types of fertile pollen grains within all individuals of a population, is ubiquitous in the flowering-plant genus Thalictrum. Our aim is to investigate the selective regime influencing pollen-grain aperture number and whether this pattern differs among species/modes of pollination. We will observe pollen germination in vitro to measure aperture-number variation and timing and likelihood of germination within and among individuals of a wind-pollinated species, Thalictrum dasycarpum. Comparing our results to previous work on the insect-pollinated T. thalictroides, will bring us closer to both a universal understanding of the influence of aperture number on pollen grain fitness as well as how that relationship is altered by evolution in the mode of pollen transmission. Further, this study will provide insight into the evolution and maintenance of pollen heteromorphism.
Faculty Advisor: Rebecca Humphrey
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Assessing the Efficacy of A Gamified Interpersonal Communication Course
Lindsay Hillstrom
The purpose of this research is to code, organize and analyze the collected data, test hypotheses regarding student outcomes, and determine if a gamified course is significantly different from a standard course with regard to specific interpersonal communication measures. The context of this study will be an archival data analysis of extant self-report survey measures.
Faculty Advisor: Ian M. Borton
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
""Feed the Saints"" - On Campus Dining Preferences of Gen Z Students
Lauren Kovach
Every college and university needs to feed its students and ensure that its dining services are catering to the students’ needs and preferences. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the consumer behavior process associated with dining has been transformed and a range of new trends has emerged, including curbside pick-up, home delivery, online/app orders, and sustainable packaging. With such accelerated change related to what students eat, how they order, obtain, and pay for food, it is crucial for Aquinas College to stay abreast of current trends and preferences related to Generation Z, the current generational cohort on campus. For this Summer Scholar 2021 project, Lauren Kovach (a junior at Aquinas College) and Kerri Orders (Assistant Professor, Business Department), will focus their research activities to gain insights about Gen Z’s consumer behavior and shifting preferences related to dining services at Aquinas College. A range of research methods will be used, including qualitative interviews with students, data collection through student surveys and polls, and a demographic report of Generation Z, using the “Demographics Now” consumer insight tool.
Faculty Advisor: Kerri Orders
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Growth of Mixed-Metal Oxide Thin Films and their Optical, Electrical, and Photochemical
Properties
Bryce Platte
A growth chamber will be constructed to allow for the creation of mixed-metal oxide films consisting of Titanium (IV) and another transition metal. From these films, the optical, electrical and photochemical effects will be measured. The photochemical effects of these films should have a wider absorption spectra compared to films made with only Titanium (IV) and therefore provide better absorption of energy from light. The growth chamber will be designed to allow for trials at varying temperatures to measure the structural changes at these different temperatures. The metals used for synthesis will be created in the laboratory while the chamber is being constructed.
Faculty Advisor: Kevin Boyd
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
May 2020 - May 2021
Elliptic geometry applied to icosahedral capsids.
Joshua Wierenga
Dr. David Wilson's 2016 result that, for viruses with icosahedral shapes, viral probes lie on icosahedral great circles inspires us to seek further structures through geometry and bio-chemistry. We will study his paper and its references along with articles on the geometry of the icosahedral sphere. We plan to build physical models using Zometool and virtual models in SketchPad. We aim to find a few properties which are new to Dr. Wilson and send our findings to him for verification.
Faculty Advisor: Michael McDaniel
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Windy Hill Ceramics
Jamey Limbers
I have come across a property in Kent County that has a large amount of natural clay. I will be mining, refining, and using the clay to create a local clay body that can be thrown on a potters wheel or hand-built in to a vessel. The clay body will also be used as a glaze and a slip to decorate the ceramic pieces. I will also be considering the carbon foot print of an artist by using locally procured materials.
Faculty Advisor: Madeline Kaczmarczyk
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
In Search of Failure: Discovering the Frontiers in the Regioselectivity of Direct
Arylation Reactions
Victoria Faber
A fascinating irony exists in science. Generally speaking, “negative” results such as low yields and poor selectivity will not be what gets you published. Likewise, review articles tend to be collections of various researchers’ successes in a specific field. However, when seeking funding, having a keen understanding of the limits of current methodologies is of great value because it aids you in making a strong case for the importance of your proposed research. A primary objective of this project is to categorize patterns of regioselectivty in the literature on direct arylation reactions with an eye towards what is missing. This process may allow us to identify substrates which currently exhibit poor regioselectivity in direct arylation reactions.
Faculty Advisor: Jonathan Fritz
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
The Daily Hustle & Grind of "Getting By"
Nalana La Framboise
This research, stemming from a larger three-year ethnographic study of one Detroit neighborhood, examines the everyday hustle that is 'getting by'. This research illuminates urban struggles in post-welfare, post-recession times, sharing the narratives and experiences of residents who actively resist cumulative disadvantages with complex and hidden strategies that create alternative economies. This research asks about the income-generating activities and strategies that comprise the hustle and seeks to understand the hustle as an everyday reality that is both work and the embodiment of the city of Detroit and its residents.
Faculty Advisor: Jen Lendrum
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Reasons for the United States Declaring War on Great Britain in 1812
Jacob Isenga
Our project will be to investigate in depth the reasons why the United States declared war on Great Britain in June of 1812. At the time, Great Britain had one of the world's most powerful armies, and the strongest navy on the seas. The military of the United States, by comparison, was much less impressive. The reasons involve domestic politics, the question of American Indian raids on frontier settlements in the west, and Britain's policy of seizing or impressing sailors off American ships for duty in the British Navy. We will seek to understand which of these reasons, and possibly others, was the most important factor in influencing the United States to take this dramatic step and possibly lose not just a war, but its status as a sovereign country.
Faculty Advisor: Jason Duncan
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Tchoukaillon Crossings
Thomas Siebelink
Tchoukaillon is a solitaire game that uses the sowing mechanism from game Mancala. Tchoukaillon’s board consists of a single row of bins. The goal is to sow all stones off the board to an end bin, called the Ruma, with the requirement that each sow ends in the Ruma. It is known for what arrangements of stones that Tchoukaillon can be won using a fairly simple strategy. We will study winning strategies when there are multiple rows to sow from and the rows cross at some bins or bins.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Joseph Spencer
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Influence of pollination mode on stigmatic pollen loads in Thalictrum
Teegan Galdeen
Each pollen grain is a multicellular individual upon which environmental selective pressures may act. One environment experienced by all pollen grains is the size of the stigmatic pollen load, which is assumed to differ between wind- and insect-pollinated species. To determine how pollination mode is related to the selective pressures experienced by individual grains, we will analyze previously collected data on pollen loads in wind- and insect-pollinated Thalictrum species. Specifically, we will test the hypothesis that stigmatic pollen loads in insect-pollinated species are significantly higher than in wind-pollinated Thalictrum species. We plan to write a manuscript about this project for submission to a peer-reviewed publication. We will also be studying R programming, light- and fluorescence-microscopy techniques, and in vivo pollen staining protocols.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Rebecca Humphrey
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Examining Self-Care Behaviors in Undergraduate Students as a Function of Personality
Traits
Victoria August
This research was conceived through a fascination with coping mechanisms employed by college students, in the face of numerous stressors such as managing course work, navigating living on one’s own, and interpersonal pressures. One way students cope with such stressors is to utilize self-care strategies, which involves an attention to basic needs, such as: proper nutrition, sleep, exercise, and social contact in order to support physical/mental health. Combined with an interest in personality psychology, the researchers decided to investigate whether self-care behavior is related to one’s personality traits. Although students’ self-care behaviors have been examined to an extent, particularly medical students, these studies have not as of now taken personality into account (Slonim et al., 2015). In order to rectify the lack of research in this area, the researchers devised a survey combining “The Big Five Personality Test” with a novel “Self-Care Questionnaire” written by the student researcher that gauges students’ personality traits, self-care behaviors, and the perceived effectiveness of these behaviors (Costa & McCrae, 1992). Moreover, the purpose of this research is to build awareness of the importance of self-care, especially in the college student population, and to shed light on the specific personality traits that influence self-care behaviors.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Joyce Oates
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Investigation of coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis - literature review (if we get access
to lab, we will use the Aiptasia model system)
Lucas Topie
We will review the existing literature to identify proteins suspected to be involved in coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis, with a particular focus on innate immune receptors expressed by the coral host. We will focus on cnidarian host proteins that may mediate recognition and/or uptake of the dinoflagellate by the coral host. If we have access to the lab later in the summer, we plan to isolate cDNA coding for proteins of interest from Aiptasia (a model cnidarian) and clone these genes into suitable expression vectors. We will write a review of research published on the recognition and uptake of dinoflagellates by the coral host with a focus on work published since the 2012 review by Davy et al "Cell Biology of Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis"
Faculty Advisor: Larry Robert Peters PhD
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Democracy, Identity, and Existential Threat
Tessa Schutt
In recent decades, theorists of deliberative democracy had hoped to help people reconstruct their identities and interests to be more inclusive, empathetic and compatible with a diverse political world. Instead, identities and disagreements appear to be hardening and resisting reconstruction. The possibility of compromise or a middle ground is rejected by many across the political spectrum in favor of candidates who champion dramatic change. Disagreements over policies and candidates seem more frequently to be matters of existential threat -- challenges to the core of who people are. Identity politics, once thought to be a fading holdover from the social movements of the 1960s, has re-emerged in new ways. The purpose for conducting research on this topic is to better understand how identity and disagreement are working in the current political culture, and what role identity is playing (if any) in support for or against particular political candidates. Given the intensity of disagreement around political figures among both political parties, and expectations about who “should” support various candidates, the current electoral landscape offers a rich opportunity to explore how identity and disagreement are currently working together
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Molly Patterson
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
May 2019 - May 2020
Synthesis and Characterization of Ionic Liquid Crystal Compounds
Aaron Batke
Thermotropic liquid crystals are compounds with an intermediate phase between crystalline solids and isotropic liquids. They can be induced into phase transitions by altering their temperature. One category of liquid crystals are ionic compounds composed of metal halide ions that are attached to alkylammonium cations with positively-charged nitrogen atoms connected to a hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail. Interest in these compounds has existed for the past 45 years. Studies have involved a range of alkyl chain lengths and different transition metal halides. However, the lanthanide metals have not been sufficiently explored. We will synthesize one or more ionic liquid crystal compounds containing alkylammonium cations with samarium chloride anions. Characterization of the resulting compounds may include elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, melting point analysis via Mel Temp apparatus, polarizing optical microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. We hope the new compounds will exhibit thermotropic liquid crystal phases. The presence of the lanthanide element may also cause fluorescence. This work will contribute to a previously unexplored region of chemistry.
Faculty Advisor: Elizabeth Jensen
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Scope of an Under Air Direct Arylation Reaction with Respect to Aryl Halides
Gabby Brandonisio
Direct Arylation is a type of reaction used by organic chemists to cleave C-H bonds on aromatic compounds and form C-C bonds with other aromatic compounds. Typically these reactions are done under an inert atmosphere, but previous Aquinas students that have studied this reaction using air and obtained yields just as good. The previous students have found optimal conditions for the reaction to take place. Building off of their research, our goal is to explore the scope of the reaction with respect to the aryl halides.
Faculty Advivor: Dr. Jonathan Fritz
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Sexism, Marital Status, Parenthood, and Alcoholism: Examining the Effects of the Single
Motherhood Penalty on Socio-Cognitive Perceptions
Julia Cooke
Even though gender equality has increased over the decades, gender disparity persists. Women are still paid less than men and are also subject to discrimination in the workplace based solely on the fact that they may become mothers. Further, there is some evidence indicating that mothers suffering from alcoholism face stigmatization that does not extend to fathers suffering from alcoholism. The goal of this research is to elucidate unique prejudices that mothers, specifically single mothers, face. Although there is research on gender disparity, the motherhood penalty, and alcoholism, there are no experiments combining all of them and specifically examining what we term “the single motherhood penalty”. Therefore, we are conducting a series of experiments that will test the effects that variables such as gender, parental status, marital status, ethnicity, addiction status race/ethnicity, etc., may have on socio-cognitive judgements. Based on the results of this research, we hope to shed light on the plight of single mothers and offer empirical evidence that may be used for policy change for single mothers suffering from alcoholism.
Faculty Advisor: Joyce Oates
Funded by: Summer Scholars Research Grant
Constructing tools to study the role of an innate immune receptor (Nod1) in hematopoietic
stem cell development
Svetlana Djirackor and Lucas Topie
We will subclone zebrafish dominant negative Nod1 alleles our group formerly designed. These subcloned alleles will be used by our collaborators to advance hematopoietic stem cell research. The zebrafish model was chosen due to its ease of use in large-scale applications, chemical screens and in vivo imaging.
Faculty Advisor: L. Rob Peters
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
The Legal Arguments for United States’ Intervention in the Vietnam War: A Reappraisal
Gannon Foley
This investigation seeks to explore the various legal arguments in favor of and against US involvement in the Vietnam War. Valuable primary and secondary sources will indicate which arguments carry the greatest influence when examining this era of history. At the conclusion of this exploration, the author will compile all his research and present a document that ties together the evidence for and against the Vietnam War.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Jason Duncan
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Relationship between pollen aperture number and germination in Thalictrum
Spencer Graham
Pollen heteromorphism is a characteristic belonging to certain species of plants in which an individual produces multiple types of fertile pollen grains. It is possible that certain pollen morphs are inherently more viable than others. We would like to observe pollen germination in vitro in order to measure morphological variation and efficiency of germination within and among individuals of multiple populations and species of Thalictrum. This study will provide insight into the evolution of pollen heteromorphism.
Faculty Advisor: Rebecca Penny Humphrey
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Nature, Philosophy, and Latin in St. Thomas Aquinas' De Principiis Naturae
Noah Hall
The primary goal of this project was twofold. First, the student acquired basic understanding and habits of Latin forms, grammar, syntax, and vocabulary necessary for producing philosophical translations of the work of St. Thomas Aquinas. Second, the student and faculty mentor collaborated to produce a philosophical translation of the second chapter of St. Thomas Aquinas’ De principiis naturae, which contributed to the living tradition of treating the thought of the Angelic Doctor. This project is a continuation of a previous study done with another student on the opening chapter of the De principiis naturae.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Daniel Wagner
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Monsky's Theorem and the Wallace-Simson Line in Non-Euclidean Geometry
Morgan Nissen
We will seek other counter-examples to Monsky's Theorem in hyperbolic geometry and we will seek the set of points from which an elliptic triangle has Wallace-Simson lines.
Faculty Advisor: Michael McDaniel
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
The Mathematics of Machine Learning Algorithms
Anna Putnam
We are creating, from scratch, an image recognition program using neural networks, basic programming, and calculus concepts. Our goal is to have a working program that can label images of oak leaves and maple leaves accurately, through exploring the mathematics of machine learning.
Faculty Advisor: Joseph Fox
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
The Dessication Tolerance of Craterostigma plantagineum
Michael Kalinowski
We studied the genetic basis of the dehydration tolerance of Craterostigma plantagineum, a small plant from South Africa. We utilized RNA-seq to trace RNA expression of the leaf and root tissues as the plant went through the desiccation cycle, and rehydrated. This work was mainly exploratory in nature, as this plant has never before been examined in this way.
Faculty Advisor: Robert VanBuren, Michigan State University
Funded by: NSF-funded
May 2018 - May 2019
Building to Write: Using Manipulatives as a Pre-Writing Scaffold
Jayna Zimmerman
This presentation discusses using interlocking building blocks and symbolic pieces to help students construct physical models in response to writing prompts. Students can then use physical models to scaffold conversations about topics to help inform writing.
Faculty Advisor: Gretchen Rumohr-Voskuil
Nature, Philosophy, and Latin in St. Thomas Aquinas’ De principiis naturae
Annie Newton
The primary goal of this project is twofold. First, the student will acquire basic understanding and habits of Latin forms, grammar, syntax, and vocabulary necessary for producing philosophical translations of the work of St. Thomas Aquinas. Second, the student and faculty mentor will collaborate to produce a philosophical translation of an important text from St. Thomas Aquinas’ De principiis naturae, which contributes to the living tradition of treating the thought of the Angelic Doctor.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Daniel Wagner
Funding Source: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Bringing Biodiversity to Restored Grasslands
Dana VanHuis
Our project focuses on grassland management. We are looking at five different grasslands (four at PCCI and one in Grand Rapids). Each grassland is either being burned, mowed, or left un-managed. We are then studying the biodiversity indexes of birds, insects, and vegetation in each of these fields to determine which management technique fosters the greatest levels of biodiversity. Hopefully through this study, a model can be made for other organizations and landowners that can be used to move restored grasslands from tallgrass monocultures to diverse and thriving grasslands.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Rob Keys, Cornerstone University
Funded by: Pierce Cedar Creek Institute
Study on Polydispersed Emulsion Systems Using Microfluidic Techniques
Kenny Nguyen
An emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible liquids, where one liquid is dispersed in the form of small drops in another liquid that forms a continuous phase. The property of emulsions, especially polydispersed systems, are widely applied in pharmacy, drug delivery and food industry.
We will fabricate and study the fluid dynamics of polydispersed emulsion system using
microfluidic techniques.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Xin Du
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Abiotic factors affecting prevalence of Rosa multiflora in Southwest Michigan
Alyssa Wilson and Stephanie Clark
Rosa multiflora, or multiflora rose, is an invasive plant species in the northeast and midwest United States. We are interested in quantifying the abiotic factors--such as soil pH and moisture, distance from trail, and sunlight availability--that contribute to the ability of multiflora rose to proliferate in some areas over others.
The goal of this research is to provide land managers with information regarding which
areas are most susceptible to multiflora rose invasion and establishment, specifically
in Southwest Michigan.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Rebecca Humphrey
Funded by: Pierce Cedar Creek Institute
Acyclic orderings in citation networks
Aimee Judd
Citation networks are large collections of objects, some of which refer to others. For example, one might consider a collection of Supreme Court decisions, some of which cite others as precedents. In this project, we will develop a method to count all possible orderings of the objects in a citation network that preserve the citation structure.
Faculity Advisor: Dr. Joe Fox
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Investigating the Antibacterial Properties of Natural Substances
Gina Nowland
We will research natural antimicrobial substances and previously isolated soil bacteria. Previous research on natural antimicrobial substances indicated that allicin, a compound created from garlic when it is crushed, and eugenol, a compound from clove oil, are highly effective against bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans. An oral bacterium, S. mutans, is an organism that contributes to the formation of plaque and tooth decay. The growth and growth inhibition of S. mutans on mitis salivarius (MS) agar is being studied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
These conditions were put in place to replicate the growth of oral bacteria at night.
The mouth, being closed, may decrease the amount of oxygen present to the bacteria
making anaerobic conditions ideal to test how the growth of bacteria such as S. mutans
could be affected. Individual bacteria isolated from soil samples collected during
September 2017 will continue to be characterized and tested against ESKAPE pathogen
safe relatives in the search for new antibiotics. Many of these bacterial isolates
were previously found to be highly effective in inhibiting the growth of the ESKAPE
pathogens.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Jennifer Hess
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
The Role of Gender on the Pronunciation of “ch” in Andalusian Spanish: A Study of
Social and Linguistic Factors
Bridget Gibley
The study of the Spanish language includes the study of many different dialects and variations. For example, Andalusian Spanish contains a variable pronunciation of the consonant “ch.” The standard pronunciation in Spanish is an affricate sound [tʃ] (as in the “ch” in “choose”). However, the consonant “ch” can also be pronounced in a weakened, fricative sound [ʃ] (as in the “sh” in “shoe”). This dialectal variation is widespread among speakers of different ages, gender, and education. Previous studies (Quilis-María Vaquero, 1973; Melguizo Moreno, 2007; Alberto Méndez, 2017) have found correlations between these sociolinguistic factors and the weakened pronunciation of “ch.” However, even though all the studies agree that the fricative pronunciation is more common among speakers from lower socioeconomic and educational backgrounds, the patterns found for age and gender are contradicting.
This study explores the dialectal variation of the consonant “ch” in Andalusian Spanish, in particular the role of gender, by analyzing audio interviews with speakers of Andalusian Spanish in Alcala de Guadaira in Southern Spain. Each speaker is analyzed based on the dependent variable of the pronunciation of “ch” and independent variables of gender, education, and phonological context for the consonant. Since the fricative pronunciation of “ch” seems to have low prestige in Spanish, we expect female speakers to favor the standard affricate pronunciation of this consonant.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Carmen Ruiz-Sanchez
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Kinetic Studies of OXA-207
Avery Cheap
We are studying the enzyme kinetics of OXA-207, a Class D beta-lactamase. Beta-lactamases catalyze the hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics, a broad class of widely used antibiotics. By doing so, the beta-lactamase can confer antibiotic resistance to the microbe that expresses it.
OXA-207 differs from its parent enzyme by just one amino acid. We are measuring the
kinetics using a bevy of different beta-lactam substrates.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Tim Henshaw
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Monsky's Theorem and Pedal Triangles in Non-Euclidean Geometry
Kelsey Hall
We will calculate examples to show how Monsky's Theorem fails to be true in non-Euclidean geometry.We will seek theorems for pedal triangles in non-Euclidean geometry.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Michael McDaniel
Fund by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Restorative Justice Program Inquiry
Madeleine Lince
This project seeks to understand the perceptions of American restorative justice practitioners. Research is conducted via narrative interviews and archival document analysis. Results will be used to generate a practitioner/facilitator follow-up survey.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Ian M. Borton
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Spirituality and Justice: The Life and Witness of Françis-Xavier Nguyễn Văn Thuận
Sr. Kayla Nguyen
An examination of the life and writing of Françis-Xavier Nguyễn Văn Thuận and his spirituality borne out of suffering as a prisoner for 13 years in Vietnam and then exile in Rome as Head of the Pontifical Council of Peace and Justice. In the tradition of Catholic social teaching he provides an alternative vision for Vietnam to classical liberalism with its radical individualism and atheistic Communism with its history of religious oppression.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Robert Marko
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Stopping “Traffic” from the Inside Out: A teacher approach
Sarah Stayman
The goal of this project is to prepare and support secondary teachers when identifying exploitation of a student in their classroom. The research delved into and the products created from this project will help teachers support students who might already be victims of human trafficking and those who are at-risk for being exploited. We aim to intersect the knowledge of first responders and the adolescent connections of secondary teachers to support, educate and prevent further exploitation with the creation of an online resource for secondary teachers.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Stefani Boutelier
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Time Spent on Collegiate Extracurricular Activities as a Function of Gender
Abigail Tolrud, Fiona Theodoroff and Lauren Washburn
This study evaluates the relationship between collegiate academic success, extracurricular activities and gender. There are 12 different collegiate subcategories evaluated within the population of full-time, undergraduate college students in North America, ages 18 to 25. Results showed statistically significant gender differences for "collegiate sports" and "internships not for class credit."
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Joyce M. Oates
Perceived Stress in College Athletes, Those who Exercise, and Sedentary Individuals
Marlin Raymond, Zachary Snyder and Eunice Eyamba
We explored social support, perceived stress, and overall life satisfaction in regards to level of athletic participation. We hypothesized that the participants involved in collegiate athletics would report lower levels of stress compared to those who are not on an athletic team but still exercise and those who are sedentary.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Joyce Oates
Funded by: Student Senate Research Fund
The Effects of Social Media and Gender on Anxiety and Depression
Kassidy Boldt, Ivan Plews, McKenzie Breimayer, Brittany Klemish and Demetris Hernandez
We analyzed the effects of social media and gender on anxiety and depression. Our participants, who were between the ages of 18 and 25, took an online questionnaire which included the k10 Anxiety and Depression checklist, and questions about social media use.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Joyce Oates
The Relationship Between Need to Belong and Ability to Detect Fake Smiles
Ayaka Matsuda, Kelly Grant, Melissa Zeffero
This study researches the correlation between a person's generalized Need to Belong and their ability to detect fake smiles. Two hundred forty six participants aged 18-25 completed an online survey that measured their Need to Belong (Leary, 2013) and judged facial images that were used to measure their accuracy in fake smile detection. The results showed that there was a slight negative correlation between Need to Belong and smile detection accuracy, thereby rejecting our initial hypothesis.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Joyce Oates
Women and the Influencing Factors Toward Their Sexual Openness, Positivity, and Self-Esteem
Shelby Dewey, Megan Lipka and Stephanie Zimmerman
This study examined the factors that influence a woman's sexual openness, positivity, and self-esteem. We utilized various scales to determine if there was significant correlations between variables. Results showed there were two positive correlations (MoSIEC and MSSCQ; Rosenburg and MSSCQ) and a negative correlation (age and Rosenburg).
Faculty Advisor: Joyce Oates
An Investigation into the Life Views and Perceived Stress Levels of Emerging Adults
Emma Urbanski, Alyssa Peck and Sarah Richards
This research examines the life views and perceived stress levels of emerging adults. Implementing the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) instrument and the Perceived Stress Scale 4 (PSS-4), we investigated the relationship between gender and both the IDEA subscale scores and PSS-4 scores. We also explored whether or not IDEA subscale scores were predictors of PSS-4 scores.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Joyce Oates
The Perception of Quality of Life and Experience of Home in Older Adults
Autumn Ackerson and Melissa Jakupovic
The present study aimed to examine Experience of Home (EoH) and Quality of Life (QoL) as a function of care setting, social connectivity and other participant variables of interest. We recruited older adults from two different care settings (assisted living and independent living) and collected data on EoH, QoL, and participant demographics. We found significantly higher scores in QoL and EoH perception in independent living compared to assisted living. Multiple regression analysis revealed independent setting predicted higher QoL scores, and independent setting and higher education level predicted greater EoH perception.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Joyce Oates and Dr. Daniel Cruikshanks
Developing Intercultural Competence Skills to Aid German-American Business Relationships
Lilia Thomas
Designed as an interdisciplinary project that connects three academic disciplines - German Studies, International Business, and Communication Studies - this research provides answers to the following question: What specific intercultural skills do individuals need to develop to become effective communicators in an international work or business environment? Along with real-life examples of how to effectively apply IC skills for the creation and maintenance of effective business relationships between global partners (specifically between German and American businesses).
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Häusler-Gross
May 2017 - May 2018
Immigrants and Active Engagement in Community Organizing
Mary Wernet
My research explores the motivations, barriers, and goals immigrants experience when fighting for social change within their communities in the United States.
Faculty Advisor: Susan Haworth-Hoeppner
Funded by: Student Senate Research Fund
Educational Support Staff’s Perspective on Undocumented Immigrants’ Experiences with
the Educational System
Stephanie Mellstead
This study reveals the experiences of undocumented immigrant families and their children in relation to the public school system in elementary school, uncovering exterior barriers, language barriers, lack of parental involvement with schools due to fear of deportation or being miss-understood, and impacts on the student related to the undocumented parental status. Educational support staff were interviewed in relation to undocumented immigrant families within a Public school district in the Midwest.
Faculty Advisor: Susan Haworth-Hoeppner
Funded by: Student Senate Research Fund
A Sociological Analysis of the Many Facets of Immigration Policy in the Midwest
Kelsey Feutz & Katharine Reed
This was qualitative research done regarding the topic of immigration policy, and more specifically regarding DACA recipients. We interviewed 20 participants and this data was compiled to create a theory. Through our research, we had found the effects of the immigration process, how the person's status affected the individual, how the status impacted their identity, and the implications of recent policy changes.
Faculty Advisor: Susan Haworth-Hoepnner
Quality of Life and Experience of Home: A comparison of American elderly with elderly
in the Dominican Republic
Kacie Gee
In America's youth-oriented culture, elderly persons often age in isolation and tend to permanently relocate into nursing home facilities. Past studies suggest that psychological wellbeing is essential for these older adults as it provides various health benefits and may contribute to successful aging. With nursing home occupancies rising, we found it important to discover what factors promote happiness in older adults and did so by comparing American elders to those who live in a country with drastically different methods of elder care. Quality of life and experience of home was measured among one hundred elderly participants in total: fifty from rural Dominican Republic and fifty from a nursing home in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Despite dramatically different living conditions, analyses revealed no statistically significant differences in quality of life or experience of home between the two populations. Despite their unfortunate living conditions and inadequate healthcare, Dominican Republic elders were equally content with both their lives and their living arrangements as the American population. These results suggest that the typical Dominican tradition of elder care within multi-generational family homes provides a kind of social connectivity that mitigates their harsh living conditions. These results help to shape our understanding of quality of life among the elderly and may help to guide improvements in the eldercare system.
Faculty Advisor: Daniel R. Cruikshanks, Ph.D.
Light from the East: Implications of Orthodox and Greco-Roman Tradition on Belief,
Ritual and Morality
Jillian Langford
This project sought to explore the implications of the Orthodox and Greco-Roman Tradition in the lives of Greek Catholics in Ukraine. From a linguistic point of view of how the word "orthodoxy" is used for just right teaching while in Ukrainian two different words describe Orthodoxy --- правовірний (right belief) and православний (right praise or right glory). In short, there is no separation of belief orthodoxy, and spirituality or right praise in this tradition. Because of the lack of separation between belief and practice, this experience sought to explore how this affected the lives and culture of people in Ukraine.
Faculty Advisor: Robert Marko
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Utilizing the Gateway cloning technique for creation of Tol2 transposons containing
wild type and mutant zebrafish NOD1 alleles.
Benjamin Arnson
NOD1 is an innate immune receptor involved in detecting cytosolic bacteria. We plan to subclone wild type (wt) and mutant (K202R) zebrafish NOD1 alleles into the plasmid pENTR1ADS. This will allow use of a Gateway cloning technique to make three different Tol2 transposons encoding the wt, K202R and L36Q NOD1 alleles, respectively. These transposons will allow our collaborators to make transgenic zebrafish in which NOD1 function can be controlled in a tissue-specific manner. The transgenic zebrafish will then be used to study the role of NOD1 in hematopoiesis (i.e., the development of blood cells).
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Rob Peters
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Efficient Mancala Movement
Holly Ensley
This project investigates the mechanism of movement used in the game mancala. We are interested in how we can most efficiently move particular stones, or kings, over long distances. We will explore cases with different numbers of kings and starting stones. Through this, we are hoping to find a bounds for measurements of efficient movement.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Joseph Spencer
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Design of the Riparian Buffer along Coldbrook Creek at Brookby Estate
Amanda Roth
Riparian buffers are areas of vegetation along the edge of water bodies; they provide protection for water bodies and habitat for organisms. The goal of this research project is to create an aesthetically pleasing buffer along Coldbrook Creek at the Brookby Estate to preserve the estate’s historic integrity while improving its environmental value. This project involves researching wildflower species that will thrive along the creek, growing these plants from seed, and installing them along the creek. Different plant propagation methods will be investigated to determine the best method for building a riparian buffer from seed.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Rebecca Humphrey
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Hyperbolic versions of Euclidean theorems
Paul Gass
Napoleon, Pascal, Brianchon, Miquel and many other geometers have theorems bearing their names. Some of these theorems hold in hyperbolic geometry, some fail and some require further investigation. We hope to add a few new hyperbolic versions of these named theorems.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Michael McDaniel
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Kinetic Studies of OXA-207
Jacob Mackinder
Beta-lactamases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g. penicillin) and confer antibiotic resistance to the bacteria that produce them. We are studying an example of a Class D beta-lactamase, OXA-207, which differs from its parent enzyme by only one amino acid, but exhibits distinctly different substrate preferences. We hope to fully characterize the substrate profile of OXA-207 and possibly investigate the structural reasons for the differences.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Tim Henshaw
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Mechanics of metamaterial involving 3-D printer
Levi Milan
Metamaterials are bulk objects with special mechanism properties defined by their repetitive inner structures, rather than the materials they are made of. One of the special mechanisms is “auxetic behavior”: when the materials are stretched in one direction, unlike conventional materials, they will also expand in the lateral direction. In this project we studied the dependence of Poisson’s Ratio on the geometric parameters of auxetic structures. We used 3-D printer to efficiently design and produce honeycomb auxetic structures. With an innovative experimental setup and image analysis techniques, we are able to study the pulling force and the corresponding lateral expansion of auxetic structures with various geometric parameters. Also, we found a linear relationship between the Poisson’s Ratio and the geometric parameter of the honeycomb auxetic structure. Our result is consistent with theoretical analysis.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Xin Du
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Attitudes Towards Sexual Assault: Influences & Implications
Lena Peak
Our project will explore the relationships among childhood discipline, pornography use, attitudes about women, body satisfaction, sex education, and ideas about sexual assault. Ultimately, it is expected that this research will identify key areas for future sexual assault prevention programming to build from and contribute to a greater understanding of how bystander attitudes are developed in emerging adulthood.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Julie Schatz-Stevens
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
The Correlation Between Political Knowledge and Efficacy
Zachary Isaacs
Political efficacy is the feeling that one can have and does have power in politics. Efficacy has been a well researched topic for nearly half a century, however, no correlation has ever been studied between it and political knowledge. This study is being conducted with a survey to a broad range of people in different locations in the Kalamazoo area to see whether there is a relationship between being knowledgeable about politics and feeling able to be effective in the political arena. The results of this study could give valuable insight into ways in which different segments of the public view the government and their role in it.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Molly Patterson
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
The Plague in 16th Century France
Beatice Sherwood
A collaborative research project investigating the plague epidemic of the 1560s that was active from the British Isles to the Ottoman Empire with specific attention to the French urban center of Lyon. This project seeks to illuminate the complex relationship between the plague and inter confessional tensions amidst the French Wars of Religion.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Chad Gunnoe
Funded by Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
The Effect of Political Affiliation and Microaggression on the Mental Health of Minorities
Natasha Centeno
The purpose of this study was to research how political affiliation and microaggressions affect the mental health of African Americans and Latino/Hispanics. 50 males and 104 females were used in the study, with a total of 154 participants (N=154). Participants were of African American and/or Latino/Hispanic descent. There was no significance between mixed race and mental illness. There was no correlation between socioeconomic level and mental health and no correlation between education and mental health. We found a significant positive correlation (0.602) between the mental health of participants and the microaggressions that they experienced. This means that greater experiences of microaggressions negatively impacted African Americans and Latinos/ Hispanics mental health.
Faculty Advisor: Cheruba Daniel
Sport in the GDR: A Structural Analysis of the Communist Development Program. Lessons
Beyond Doping.
Paul Sommerville
The German Democratic Republic, or East Germany, was able to build a world-class, state-endorsed sport program with minimal resources and a limited population. This research examines the financial and administrative structure of East German sport. The goal is to identify aspects from the system, such as advancements in sport science and coaching education programs, that could positively influence intercollegiate athletics today.
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Susan Hojnacki
May 2016 - May 2017
The Past and Future of Agricultural Land in Kent County
Jacob Towne
This project aims to quantify the changes in the area, distribution, and spatial structure
of agricultural land in Kent County from 1967 to 2007, as well as to identify any
impacts which the Purchase of Developmental Rights program may have had. We are also
interested in finding the rate in which these changes are taking place in addition
to seeing if there is a spatial pattern to the change. With these findings we hope
to be able to predict future trends in agricultural land use in Kent County.
Faculty Advisor: Mary Clinthorne
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Hyperbolic Quadratures
Tristen Spencer
Previous M-T researchers have squared the circle in non-Euclidean spaces. This opens
the door to explore other hyperbolic cases of areas of circular regions which match
areas of polygonal regions. We hope to show the five Euclidean quadratures fail and
discover new hyperbolic quadratures which would be impossible in Euclidean space.
Faculty Advisor: Michael McDaniel
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
The Characterization of Bacteria Contaminants in Vitamins and Supplements
Avery Wagner
A previous Mohler Thompson student found that a particular brand of garlic capsule
was contaminated while testing its antimicrobial effects against a common bacteria
found in dental plaque. We will attempt to characterize this contaminant through various
staining techniques, selective and differential media tests, and some molecular biology.
We will also test other vitamins and supplements for contaminants, including a new
batch of the same brand of garlic capsule that had contaminants four years ago.
Faculty Advisor: Jennifer Hess
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
The Impact of Theatre on Social Change and Community Engagement Through The Lens
of Privilege
Zoe Gipson
This project will be conducted in two main types of research, traditional research
and interviews, and praxis—the exploration of theory through practice—both types will
focus on the impacts of theatre on social change, while looking at different privileges.
Our praxis will focus on different scripts at every level, leading to several productions,
as well as workshops, seminars, day camps, talkbacks, through community initiatives
such as Ebony Road Players, Mixed Roots Collective, and GR Civic Theater. Both modes
of research will look at different privileges in traditional and nontraditional lenses,
with cross over, but mainly focusing on race, gender, age, sexuality, and economic
status and background.
Faculty Advisor: Randy Wyatt
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Diverse Reactions to the Great Recession and their Global Implications: A Comparative
Study of French and American Economic Histories
Chloe Benzer
One of the most influential and consequential events of the past century arguably
was the financial crash and subsequent Great Recession of 2008 and 2009 – this catastrophe
impacted the entire world on an economic, social, and political level. I would like
to study the differing reactions to this event in the United States and in Europe,
mainly France. By comparing the economic and political histories of these countries,
outlining the events leading up to the financial crisis and the following meltdown,
detailing the recovery efforts, and presenting the differences, I will draw conclusions
about the near future in these countries and the ensuing impacts that may be seen
in the rest of the world. After analyzing these aspects in English, I would like to
translate my research into French.
Faculty Advisor: Todd Yarbrough
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Cultural Anthropology of Romantic Love and Jealousy
Emma Wonsil
Anthropologists contend that romantic love and jealousy are universal phenomena and
they found evidence of their occurrences in many cultures. However, cultural values
and traditional behaviors can influence the expressions and experiences of love and
jealousy. The purpose of this Summer Scholar project is to complete a comprehensive
review and analysis of the studies published in anthropological journals on romantic
love and jealousy. The goal is to explore the nature of romantic jealousy across modern
cultures and present cutting-edge research that has advanced anthropological knowledge
on cultural factors affecting the experience, expressions, and customs of romantic
jealousy.
Faculty Advisor: Victor Karandashev
Funded by: Aquinas College Summer Scholars Program
Structural Effects of Buchwald Ligands in Direct Arylation Reactions
John McAfee
Buchwald ligands are a common choice for direct arylation reactions because of their poor electron density. I will be researching the effects of the structures of these ligands in direct arylation in order to better understand which ligand should be used. Direct arylation could promote advances in the pharmaceutical and solar industries.
Faculty Advisor: Jonathan Fritz
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Investigating Movement in Mancala
Maria Maguire
This project investigates the mechanism of movement used in the game mancala. We are interested in how we can most efficiently move particular stones, or kings, over long distances. We will explore cases with different numbers of kings and starting stones. Through this, we are hoping to find a pattern of most efficient movement.
Faculty Advisor: Joseph Spencer
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
Understanding the Endosymbiotic Relationship of Corals
Bridgette Degenhardt
This summer we will be studying the different genes involved in the endosymbiotic relationship between the anemone Aiptasia and the algae that live within it. Variables such as temperature, bleaching, and pH can be manipulated so that we may attempt to explore the different genetic responses within Aiptasia using qPCR. We hope to clone certain genes of interest into bacterial plasmids and eventually characterize their proteins to better understand the molecular and chemical relationship between corals and their endosymbionts.
Faculty Advisor: LR Peters
Funded by: Mohler-Thompson Summer Research Grant
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